Thus I have heard: Pronouns ‘ima’ and ‘amu’

In the last Unit, we studied the declension and usage of the pronouns ‘ta’ and ‘eta’. Let us learn two more pronouns which can be used as personal as well as demonstrative pronouns. These are – ima and amu.

Let us study the declension of these pronouns in all the genders and then translate a few sentences from the Suttas, containing various declined forms of these pronouns.

Declension of pronoun ‘ima’

ima = this

Masculine forms

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	ayaṃ	ime
*Dutiyā*	imaṃ	ime
*Tatiyā*	anena, iminā	ehi, ebhi, imehi, imebhi
*Catutthī*	assa, imassa	esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ
*Pañcamī*	asmā, imasmā, imamhā	ehi, ebhi, imehi, imebhi
*Chaṭṭhī*	assa, imassa	esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ
*Sattamī*	asmiṃ, imasmiṃ, imamhi	esu, imesu

Neuter forms

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	idaṃ, imaṃ	ime, imāni
*Dutiyā*	idaṃ, imaṃ	ime, imāni
The declension of neuter pronoun ‘*ima’ is similar to that of masculine pronoun ‘ima*’ for Instrumental to Locative cases.

Feminine form

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	ayaṃ	imā, imāyo
*Dutiyā*	imaṃ	imā, imāyo
*Tatiyā*	imāya	imāhi, imābhi
*Catutthī*	assā, assāya, imāya, imissā, imissāya	imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ
*Pañcamī*	imāya	imāhi, imābhi
*Chaṭṭhī*	assā, assāya, imāya, imissā, imissāya	imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ
*Sattamī*	assaṃ, imāyaṃ, imissaṃ	imāsu

Declension of pronoun ‘amu’

amu = that, such and such

Masculine forms

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	asu, amuko	amū, amuyo
*Dutiyā*	amuṃ	amū, amuyo
*Tatiyā*	amunā	amūhi, amūbhi
*Catutthī*	amussa	amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ
*Pañcamī*	amunā, amusmā, amumhā	amūhi, amūbhi
*Chaṭṭhī*	amussa	amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ
*Sattamī*	amusmiṃ, amumhi	amūsu

Neuter forms

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	aduṃ, amuṃ	amū, amūni
*Dutiyā*	aduṃ, amuṃ	amū, amūni
The declension of neuter pronoun ‘*amu’ is similar to that of masculine pronoun ‘amu*’ for Instrumental to Locative cases.

Feminine form

Case	Singular	Plural
*Paṭhamā*	asu, amu	amū, amuyo
*Dutiyā*	amuṃ	amū, amuyo
*Tatiyā*	amuyā	amūhi, amūbhi
*Catutthī*	amuyā, amussā	amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ
*Pañcamī*	amuyā	amūhi, amūbhi
*Chaṭṭhī*	amuyā, amussā	amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ
*Sattamī*	amuyaṃ, amussaṃ	amūsu

The usage of these cases is the same as for other nouns and pronouns.