Pali
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
2.1.1 Kesamuttisuttaṃ (part one) - Don‘t Believe in Tradition, in Hearsay, in Teachers but your own Experience, understanding what is unwholesome
Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena kesamuttaṃ nāma kālāmānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho kesamuttiyā kālāmā—‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kesamuttaṃ anuppatto.’ Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ, sammāsambuddho, vijjācaraṇasampanno, sugato, lokavidū, anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi, satthā devamanussānaṃ, Buddho, bhagavā’ti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’”ti.
Atha kho kesamuttiyā kālāmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te kesamuttiyā kālāmā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ–
“Santi, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti. Te sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti omakkhiṃ karonti. Aparepi, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti. Tepi sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti omakkhiṃ karonti. Tesaṃ no, bhante amhākaṃ hoteva kaṅkhā hoti vicikicchā– ‘ko su nāma imesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ saccaṃ āha, ko musā’”ti? “Alañhi vo, kālāmā, kaṅkhituṃ alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīyeva pana vo ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā.
Etha tumhe, kālāmā, mā anussavena, mā paramparāya, mā itikirāya, mā piṭakasampadānena, mā takkahetu, mā nayahetu, mā ākāraparivitakkena mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, mā bhabbarūpatāya, mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe, kālāmā, attanāva jāneyyātha—‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’”ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyātha.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, lobho purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?
“Ahitāya, bhante”.
“Luddho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo lobhena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.
“Evaṃ, bhante”.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, doso purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?
“Ahitāya, bhante”.
“Duṭṭho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo dosena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.
“Evaṃ, bhante”.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, moho purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?
“Ahitāya, bhante”.
“Mūḷho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.
“Evaṃ, bhante”.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti?
“Akusalā, bhante”.
“Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vā”ti? “Sāvajjā, bhante”.
“Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vā”ti? “Viññugarahitā, bhante”.
“Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, no vā? Kathaṃ vā ettha hotī”ti.
“Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantīti. Evaṃ no ettha hotī”ti.
“Iti kho, kālāmā, yaṃ taṃ avocumhā—‘etha tumhe, kālāmā! Mā anussavena, mā paramparāya, mā itikirāya, mā piṭakasampadānena, mā takkahetu, mā nayahetu, mā ākāraparivitakkena, mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, mā bhabbarūpatāya, mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe kālāmā attanāva jāneyyātha– ‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantīti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyāthā’ti. ”
Tikanipātapāḷi, Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, Mahāvaggo, Aṅguttaranikāyo
Vocabulary
- ādiyati - take up, grasp
- āha - say, speak
- ākāraparivitakkena - [ākāra + pari + vitakkena] reason, cause + careful consideration, examination
- abhibhūto - [abhi + bhavati (pp)] overpowered, overwhelmed
- abhivādetvā - (ger.) having spoken, declared
- adinnampi - [a + dinnaṃ + pi] not + given + and
- alañhi - [alaṃ (emph. part.) + hi] truly + because
- anuppatto - [anupāpunati (pp)] attained, reached
- anussavena - by hearsay
- bhabbarūpatāya - [bhabba + rūpatāya] by appearance of likelihood
- bhaṇati - speak, tell
- diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā - [diṭṭhi + nijjhāna + k + khantiyā] views + perception + forbearance
- doso - ill will, hatred, animosity
- duṭṭho - full of ill will
- ekamantaṃ - [eka + m + antaṃ] one + end
- ettha - [adv.] here, in this matter
- hanati - kill
- itikirāya - hearsay
- khalu - [indecl.] indeed, surely (also in the negative)
- khuṃsenti - [khuṃseti (3rd. pl.)] curse, scold
- lobho - craving, desire, greed
- luddho - greedy, desirous
- mūḷho - delusive, full of illusion
- moho - delusion, illusion, misconception
- nāma - [adv.] indeed, truly
- nāmagottaṃ - [nāma + gottaṃ] name + clan, cast
- nayahetu - by inference
- nisīdiṃsu - [nisīdati (aor.)] sat down
- omakkhiṃ - [karonti] make smaller
- pāṇampi - [pāṇaṃ + pi] living being + and
- paṇāmetvā - (ger.) being raised, stretched
- paradārampi - [para + dāraṃ + pi] other + wife + and
- paramparāya - [para + m + parāya] one after the other, in succession
- parappavādaṃ - [para + p + pavādaṃ] others + speech
- pariyādinnacitto - [pariyādinna + citto] exhausted, lost control + mind
- piṭakasampadānena - tradition on ground of scriptures
- sāraṇīya - [adj.] courteous, pleasant, friendly
- sāvetvā - [suṇati (caus., ger.)] make hear
- sakaṃyeva - [saka + ṃ + y + eva] their own + thus, even so
- samādapeti - [saṃ + ādapeti] to cause to take, incite
- samādinnā - [samādiyati (pp)] taken up
- samattā - [samattā] accomplished
- sammodiṃsu - [sammodati (aor., 3rd. pl.)] delight, rejoice
- su - [indecl.] (particle of interrogation)
- tadavasari - [tada + avasarati (aor.)] there + come down
- takkahetu - [takka + hetu] reasoning, thinking + cause, reason
- tathattāya - the state of being so
- tenañjaliṃ - [te + n + añjaliṃ they + with folded hands
- tuṇhībhūtā - [tuṇhī + bhavati (pp)] silently + made, in silence
- vītisāretvā - [vīti + sāreti (ger.)] to make pass, exchange, having addressed, made pass between
- vambhenti - (3rd. pl.) despise, treat with contempt
- viññugarahitā - [viññu + garahati (pp)] wise + blame
- viññuppasatthā - [viññu + p + pasaṃsati (pp)] wise + praise