Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

2.1.1 Kesamuttisuttaṃ (part one) - Don‘t Believe in Tradition, in Hearsay, in Teachers but your own Experience, understanding what is unwholesome

Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena kesamuttaṃ nāma kālāmānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho kesamuttiyā kālāmā—‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kesamuttaṃ anuppatto.’ Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ, sammāsambuddho, vijjācaraṇasampanno, sugato, lokavidū, anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi, satthā devamanussānaṃ, Buddho, bhagavā’ti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’”ti.

Atha kho kesamuttiyā kālāmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te kesamuttiyā kālāmā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ–

“Santi, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti. Te sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti omakkhiṃ karonti. Aparepi, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti. Tepi sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti omakkhiṃ karonti. Tesaṃ no, bhante amhākaṃ hoteva kaṅkhā hoti vicikicchā– ‘ko su nāma imesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ saccaṃ āha, ko musā’”ti? “Alañhi vo, kālāmā, kaṅkhituṃ alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīyeva pana vo ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā.

Etha tumhe, kālāmā, mā anussavena, mā paramparāya, mā itikirāya, mā piṭakasampadānena, mā takkahetu, mā nayahetu, mā ākāraparivitakkena mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, mā bhabbarūpatāya, mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe, kālāmā, attanāva jāneyyātha—‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’”ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyātha.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, lobho purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?

“Ahitāya, bhante”.

“Luddho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo lobhena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, doso purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?

“Ahitāya, bhante”.

“Duṭṭho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo dosena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, moho purisassa ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati hitāya vā ahitāya vā”ti?

“Ahitāya, bhante”.

“Mūḷho panāyaṃ, kālāmā, purisapuggalo mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, yaṃ sa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti?

“Akusalā, bhante”.

“Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vā”ti? “Sāvajjā, bhante”.

“Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vā”ti? “Viññugarahitā, bhante”.

“Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, no vā? Kathaṃ vā ettha hotī”ti.

“Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantīti. Evaṃ no ettha hotī”ti.

“Iti kho, kālāmā, yaṃ taṃ avocumhā—‘etha tumhe, kālāmā! Mā anussavena, mā paramparāya, mā itikirāya, mā piṭakasampadānena, mā takkahetu, mā nayahetu, mā ākāraparivitakkena, mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, mā bhabbarūpatāya, mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe kālāmā attanāva jāneyyātha– ‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantīti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyāthā’ti. ”

Tikanipātapāḷi, Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, Mahāvaggo, Aṅguttaranikāyo


Vocabulary
  1. ādiyati - take up, grasp
  2. āha - say, speak
  3. ākāraparivitakkena - [ākāra + pari + vitakkena] reason, cause + careful consideration, examination
  4. abhibhūto - [abhi + bhavati (pp)] overpowered, overwhelmed
  5. abhivādetvā - (ger.) having spoken, declared
  6. adinnampi - [a + dinnaṃ + pi] not + given + and
  7. alañhi - [alaṃ (emph. part.) + hi] truly + because
  8. anuppatto - [anupāpunati (pp)] attained, reached
  9. anussavena - by hearsay
  10. bhabbarūpatāya - [bhabba + rūpatāya] by appearance of likelihood
  11. bhaṇati - speak, tell
  12. diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā - [diṭṭhi + nijjhāna + k + khantiyā] views + perception + forbearance
  13. doso - ill will, hatred, animosity
  14. duṭṭho - full of ill will
  15. ekamantaṃ - [eka + m + antaṃ] one + end
  16. ettha - [adv.] here, in this matter
  17. hanati - kill
  18. itikirāya - hearsay
  19. khalu - [indecl.] indeed, surely (also in the negative)
  20. khuṃsenti - [khuṃseti (3rd. pl.)] curse, scold
  21. lobho - craving, desire, greed
  22. luddho - greedy, desirous
  23. mūḷho - delusive, full of illusion
  24. moho - delusion, illusion, misconception
  25. nāma - [adv.] indeed, truly
  26. nāmagottaṃ - [nāma + gottaṃ] name + clan, cast
  27. nayahetu - by inference
  28. nisīdiṃsu - [nisīdati (aor.)] sat down
  29. omakkhiṃ - [karonti] make smaller
  30. pāṇampi - [pāṇaṃ + pi] living being + and
  31. paṇāmetvā - (ger.) being raised, stretched
  32. paradārampi - [para + dāraṃ + pi] other + wife + and
  33. paramparāya - [para + m + parāya] one after the other, in succession
  34. parappavādaṃ - [para + p + pavādaṃ] others + speech
  35. pariyādinnacitto - [pariyādinna + citto] exhausted, lost control + mind
  36. piṭakasampadānena - tradition on ground of scriptures
  37. sāraṇīya - [adj.] courteous, pleasant, friendly
  38. sāvetvā - [suṇati (caus., ger.)] make hear
  39. sakaṃyeva - [saka + ṃ + y + eva] their own + thus, even so
  40. samādapeti - [saṃ + ādapeti] to cause to take, incite
  41. samādinnā - [samādiyati (pp)] taken up
  42. samattā - [samattā] accomplished
  43. sammodiṃsu - [sammodati (aor., 3rd. pl.)] delight, rejoice
  44. su - [indecl.] (particle of interrogation)
  45. tadavasari - [tada + avasarati (aor.)] there + come down
  46. takkahetu - [takka + hetu] reasoning, thinking + cause, reason
  47. tathattāya - the state of being so
  48. tenañjaliṃ - [te + n + añjaliṃ they + with folded hands
  49. tuṇhībhūtā - [tuṇhī + bhavati (pp)] silently + made, in silence
  50. vītisāretvā - [vīti + sāreti (ger.)] to make pass, exchange, having addressed, made pass between
  51. vambhenti - (3rd. pl.) despise, treat with contempt
  52. viññugarahitā - [viññu + garahati (pp)] wise + blame
  53. viññuppasatthā - [viññu + p + pasaṃsati (pp)] wise + praise

Last modified: Saturday, 2 December 2023, 6:03 PM