Once a causative verb is formed by adding the suffixes e (aya) or āpe (āpaya), the verb thus formed can take up various conjugated forms in different tenses and moods. Gerunds, infinitives and participles can also be formed from such causative verbs.

 

Let us study a few examples to understand the use and translation of causative forms of a verb.

1. Upāsako dārakehi samaṇe vandāpeti.

vandāpeti (caus. from vandati, Pr T, 3rd P, s) = causes to revere / honour / pay homage

Translation : The lay devotee makes his children pay homage to the monks.

 

2. Vāṇijo puttena yācakānaṃ vatthāni dāpesi.

dāpesi (caus. from dadāti, PT, 3rd P, s) = caused to give

Translation : The merchant gave clothes to the beggars through his son.

The literal translation of the sentence would be – The merchant caused / made his son to give clothes to the beggars. However, we can simplify such construction while translating the sentences.

 

3. Saṅghassa dānaṃ dātuṃ bhūpālo sūdehi bhattaṃ pācāpeti.

sūda = cook,

pācāpeti (caus. from pacati, Pr T, 3rd P, s) = causes to cook, gets (the food) cooked

Translation : The king gets the food cooked by cooks, to give dāna to the Sangha.

 

4. Saṅghassa dānaṃ dātuṃ bhūpālo sūdehi bhattaṃ pācāpesi.

pācāpesi (caus. from pacati, PT, 3rd P, s) = caused to cook, got (the food) cooked

Translation : The king got the food cooked by cooks, to give dāna to the Sangha.

 

5. Saṅghassa dānaṃ dātuṃ bhūpālo sūdehi bhattaṃ pācāpessati.

pācāpessati (caus. from pacati, FT, 3rd P, s) = will cause to cook, will get (the food) cooked

Translation : The king will get the food cooked by cooks, to give dāna to the Sangha.

 

6. Bhūpālo sūdehi bhattaṃ pācāpetvā saṅghassa dānaṃ adāsi.

pācāpetvā (caus. gerund from pacati) = having caused to cook, having got (the food) cooked

Translation : Having got the food cooked by cooks, the king gave dāna to the Sangha.

Last modified: Sunday, 9 June 2024, 6:46 PM