Let us learn a few a-ending neuter nouns and some verbs.

• nagara = town
• geha = house
• khetta = farm, field
• dhana = wealth
• dhañña = crop, harvest
• bīja = seed
• phala = fruit
• puppha = flower
• paṇṇa = leaf
• tiṇa = grass
• bhaṇḍa = goods, things
• khīra = milk
• arañña = forest
• uyyāna = park
• āsana = seat, cushion
• vattha = cloth, garment
• kasati = ploughs
• patati = falls
• vapati = sows, plants
• khādati = eats
• saṃharati = collects, gathers
• kiṇāti = buys, purchases
• vikkiṇāti = sells
• tiṭṭhati = stands
• dhovati = washes

While translating sentences with neuter nouns, a special attention should be given to nominative and accusative forms – similar to phalaṃ (nom. & acc. singular) and phalāni (nom. & acc. plural). Let us understand this with the help of a few examples.

1. Kumāro phalaṃ khādati.
   The boy eats a fruit.
   Here the fruit being the object of the sentence, ‘phalaṃ’ is accusative singular form.
2. Rukkasmā phalaṃ patati.
   A fruit falls from a tree.
   In this sentence the action of ‘falling’ is performed by the fruit. Thus, ‘fruit’ is the subject of the sentence and ‘phalaṃ’ is nominative singular form.
3. Kassakā khettesu bījāni vapanti.
   The farmers sow seeds in the fields.
   ‘The farmers’ are the subject and ‘seeds’ are the object of the sentence. Hence, ‘bījāni’ is accusative plural form.
4. Bījāni kassakānaṃ dhaññaṃ dadanti.
   The seeds give harvest to the farmers. (The seeds yield harvest for the farmers.)
   In this sentence, ‘the seeds’ is the subject and ‘bījāni’ is nominative plural form.

Please complete the following activities based on the declension of a-ending neuter nouns.