Pali
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
3.2.4.1 Saccapabbaṃpabbaṃ, Part One: Dukkhasaccaniddeso
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?
Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave paridevo.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ? Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā āgaccheyyu’nti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ.
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ, Mahāvaggapāḷi, Dīghanikāyo
Vocabulary
- abhinibbatti - [abhi + nibbatti] (f.) birth, rebirth, becoming
- ādevanā - ādevanā lamentation, crying, bewailing
- ādevitattaṃ - ādevitattaṃ state of + lamentation, crying, bewailing
- ādevo - ādevo lamentation, crying, bewailing
- ahitakāmā - [a + hita + kāmā] not + benefit, fortune + wish, desire: harm
- akantā - [a + kantā] not + pleasant
- amaccā - fellow, companion, college
- amanāpā - [a + manāpā] not + pleasing, charming
- amissībhāvo - [a + missībhāvo] not + mixed, state, union
- anatthakāmā - [an + attha + kāmā] not + welfare, gain, fortune + wish, desire: misfortune
- aniṭṭhā - [an + iṭṭhā] not + pleasant, agreeable
- aññataraññatarena - [aññatara + aññatara] (instr.) one of a certain number: this or that
- antaradhāna - disappearance
- antoparisoko - [anto + pari + soko] inner + severe +grief, severe mourning
- antosoko - [anto + soko] inner + grief
- aphāsukakāmā [a + phāsuka + kāmā] not + pleasant, comfortable + wish, desire: trouble, uneasiness
- appiyehi - [a + p + piyehi] (abl.) not + disagreeable, not liked
- asamāgamo - [a + samāgamo] not + meeting, union
- asamodhānaṃ - [a + samodhānaṃ] not + collocation, combination
- asaṅgati - [a + saṅgati] not + meeting, intercourse, union
- asātaṃ - disagreeable
- assāma - atthi (opt., 1st. pl.) we would be
- atthakāmā - [attha + kāmā] welfare, gain, fortune + wish, desire: well-wishing
- āyāsitattaṃ - āyāsitattaṃ state of + trouble, sorrow
- āyāso - trouble, sorrow
- āyatanānaṃ - āyatanāna (pl. gen., dat.) sense organ, sphere
- ayogakkhemakāmā - [a + yogakkhema + kāmā] not + safety + wish, desire
- āyuno - āyu (nt.,gen.,dat.) age
- bhaginī - sister
- bhātā - brother
- bhedo - breach, disunion
- byasanena - byasana (instr.) misfortune
- cavanatā - state of falling away, death
- cuti (f.) - passing, shifting away
- hitakāmā - [hita + kāmā] benefit, fortune + wish, desire
- iṭṭhā - iṭṭhā pleasant, agreeable
- jarāpi - [jarā + pi] aging, old age + and
- jātipi - [jāti + pi] birth + and
- jīraṇatā - decay, growing old, state of
- jīvitindriyassupacchedo - [jīvita+ indriyassa (gen.) +upacchedo] life + faculty + destruction
- kālakiriyā - [kāla + kiriyā] time + making: death
- kaḷevarassa - kaḷevara (gen.) body
- kantā - kantā pleasing, charming
- khandhānaṃ - khandhā (pl.,gen.) sensorial aggregates
- khaṇḍiccaṃ - state of being broken
- labhati - to gain, achieve
- maccu - death
- manāpā - manāpā pleasant, agreeable
- maraṇa - death,
- maraṇampi - [maraṇaṃ + pi] death + and
- mātā - mother
- missībhāvo - [missa + bhāvo] mixed + becoming: union, mixed state
- mittā - friend, companion
- ñātisālohitā - [ñāti + sā + lohitā] relative
- nikkhepo - putting down, discarding
- okkanti - descent, falling down
- pāliccaṃ - greyness of hair
- pañcupādānakkhandhā - [pañca + upādāna + k + khandhā] five + longing, attachment + aggregates
- paridevanā - [pari + devanā] lamentation, crying, bewailing
- paridevitattaṃ - paridevitattaṃ severe state of + lamentation, crying, bewailing
- paridevo - [pari + ādevo] severe + lamentation, crying, bewailing
- paripāko - [pari + pāko] ripeness, maturity, collapse
- paṭilābho - [paṭi (pref.) + lābho] receiving, getting: attainment, acquisition
- pattabbaṃ - pāpuṇāti (ftpp.) to be gained, obtained
- pātubhāvo - [pātu (indecl.) + bhāvo] manifest, visible + appearance, coming into being
- phāsukakāmā - [phāsuka + kāmā] pleasant, comfortable + wish, desire
- phuṭṭha - touched, affected by
- pitā - father
- piyehi - piyehi (abl.) agreeable, liked
- saddhiṃ - indecl. with, together with
- samāgamo - [sam + āgamo] together + coming: union, meeting
- samannāgatassa - [samannā + gata] (gen.) followed by, endowed with
- saṃhāni - saṃhanati/ saṃhanti destroy, supress
- samodhānaṃ - collocation, combination
- sampayogopi - [saṃ + payogo + pi] with + combined, associated + and
- saṅgati - meeting, intercourse, union
- sañjāti - birth, origin
- sattanikāye - [satta + nikāya (loc.)] beings + assemblage, collection
- socanā - grief, sorrow
- socitattaṃ - sorrowfulness,
- sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi - [soka + parideva + dukkha + domanass + upāyāsā + pi] sorrow + lamentation + pain + grief + distress + and
- tamhi - [taṃ + hi] that + because
- upāyāsitattaṃ - upāyāsitattaṃ state of + trouble, disturbance, restlessness
- upāyāso - trouble, disturbance,
- valittacatā - fact of having wrinkled skin
- vippayogopi - [vi + p + payogo + pi] away + combined, associated + and
- yampicchaṃ - [yam + p + icchaṃ] what + desired, wished for
- yogakkhemakāmā - yogakkhemakāmā safety (peace from bondage) + wish, desire