Exploring the Path - Pāli Course

3.2.4.1 Saccapabbaṃpabbaṃ, Part One: Dukkhasaccaniddeso

‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?

Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave paridevo.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ? Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā āgaccheyyu’nti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ.

Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ, Mahāvaggapāḷi, Dīghanikāyo

abhinibbatti - [abhi + nibbatti] (f.) birth, rebirth, becoming

ādevanā - ādevanā lamentation, crying, bewailing

ādevitattaṃ - ādevitattaṃ state of + lamentation, crying, bewailing

ādevo - ādevo lamentation, crying, bewailing

ahitakāmā - [a + hita + kāmā] not + benefit, fortune + wish, desire: harm

akantā - [a + kantā] not + pleasant

amaccā - fellow, companion, college

amanāpā - [a + manāpā] not + pleasing, charming

amissībhāvo - [a + missībhāvo] not + mixed, state, union

anatthakāmā - [an + attha + kāmā] not + welfare, gain, fortune + wish, desire: misfortune

aniṭṭhā - [an + iṭṭhā] not + pleasant, agreeable

aññataraññatarena - [aññatara + aññatara] (instr.) one of a certain number: this or that

antaradhāna - disappearance

antoparisoko - [anto + pari + soko] inner + severe +grief, severe mourning

antosoko - [anto + soko] inner + grief

aphāsukakāmā [a + phāsuka + kāmā] not + pleasant, comfortable + wish, desire: trouble, uneasiness

appiyehi - [a + p + piyehi] (abl.) not + disagreeable, not liked

asamāgamo - [a + samāgamo] not + meeting, union

asamodhānaṃ - [a + samodhānaṃ] not + collocation, combination

asaṅgati - [a + saṅgati] not + meeting, intercourse, union

asātaṃ - disagreeable

assāma - atthi (opt., 1^st. pl.) we would be

atthakāmā - [attha + kāmā] welfare, gain, fortune + wish, desire: well-wishing

āyāsitattaṃ - āyāsitattaṃ state of + trouble, sorrow

āyāso - trouble, sorrow

āyatanānaṃ - āyatanāna (pl. gen., dat.) sense organ, sphere

ayogakkhemakāmā - [a + yogakkhema + kāmā] not + safety + wish, desire

āyuno - āyu (nt.,gen.,dat.) age

bhaginī - sister

bhātā - brother

bhedo - breach, disunion

byasanena - byasana (instr.) misfortune

cavanatā - state of falling away, death

cuti (f.) - passing, shifting away

hitakāmā - [hita + kāmā] benefit, fortune + wish, desire

iṭṭhā - iṭṭhā pleasant, agreeable

jarāpi - [jarā + pi] aging, old age + and

jātipi - [jāti + pi] birth + and

jīraṇatā - decay, growing old, state of

jīvitindriyassupacchedo - [jīvita+ indriyassa (gen.) +upacchedo] life + faculty + destruction

kālakiriyā - [kāla + kiriyā] time + making: death

kaḷevarassa - kaḷevara (gen.) body

kantā - kantā pleasing, charming

khandhānaṃ - khandhā (pl.,gen.) sensorial aggregates

khaṇḍiccaṃ - state of being broken

labhati - to gain, achieve

maccu - death

manāpā - manāpā pleasant, agreeable

maraṇa - death,

maraṇampi - [maraṇaṃ + pi] death + and

mātā - mother

missībhāvo - [missa + bhāvo] mixed + becoming: union, mixed state

mittā - friend, companion

ñātisālohitā - [ñāti + sā + lohitā] relative

nikkhepo - putting down, discarding

okkanti - descent, falling down

pāliccaṃ - greyness of hair

pañcupādānakkhandhā - [pañca + upādāna + k + khandhā] five + longing, attachment + aggregates

paridevanā - [pari + devanā] lamentation, crying, bewailing

paridevitattaṃ - paridevitattaṃ severe state of + lamentation, crying, bewailing

paridevo - [pari + ādevo] severe + lamentation, crying, bewailing

paripāko - [pari + pāko] ripeness, maturity, collapse

paṭilābho - [paṭi (pref.) + lābho] receiving, getting: attainment, acquisition

pattabbaṃ - pāpuṇāti (ftpp.) to be gained, obtained

pātubhāvo - [pātu (indecl.) + bhāvo] manifest, visible + appearance, coming into being

phāsukakāmā - [phāsuka + kāmā] pleasant, comfortable + wish, desire

phuṭṭha - touched, affected by

pitā - father

piyehi - piyehi (abl.) agreeable, liked

saddhiṃ - indecl. with, together with

samāgamo - [sam + āgamo] together + coming: union, meeting

samannāgatassa - [samannā + gata] (gen.) followed by, endowed with

saṃhāni - saṃhanati/ saṃhanti destroy, supress

samodhānaṃ - collocation, combination

sampayogopi - [saṃ + payogo + pi] with + combined, associated + and

saṅgati - meeting, intercourse, union

sañjāti - birth, origin

sattanikāye - [satta + nikāya (loc.)] beings + assemblage, collection

socanā - grief, sorrow

socitattaṃ - sorrowfulness,

sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi - [soka + parideva + dukkha + domanass + upāyāsā + pi] sorrow + lamentation + pain + grief + distress + and

tamhi - [taṃ + hi] that + because

upāyāsitattaṃ - upāyāsitattaṃ state of + trouble, disturbance, restlessness

upāyāso - trouble, disturbance,

valittacatā - fact of having wrinkled skin

vippayogopi - [vi + p + payogo + pi] away + combined, associated + and

yampicchaṃ - [yam + p + icchaṃ] what + desired, wished for

yogakkhemakāmā - yogakkhemakāmā safety (peace from bondage) + wish, desire