Pāli
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
1.1.0 Bahujanahitasuttaṃ - For the Benefit of Many
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ–
“Tayome puggalā loke uppajjamānā1 uppajjanti bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya2 atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave3, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā.
So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tasseva satthu sāvako arahaṃ hoti khīṇāsavo4 vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tasseva satthu sāvako sekho hoti pāṭipado bahussuto sīlavatūpapanno. Sopi dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti.
Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā loke uppajjamānā uppajjanti bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan”ti5.
Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“Satthā hi ……”
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.
Khuddakanikāye, Itivuttakapāḷi, Tikanipāto, Catutthovaggo, select.
Vocabulary
- ādikalyāṇaṃ - [ādi + kalyāṇa + ṃ] in the beginning + beneficial
- anuppattasadattho - [anu + p + patta + sad + attho] having reached + one’s own + goal
- anuttaro - [an + uttaro] not + higher (than that)
- arahaṃ - [arahant (nom.sg.)] a worthy one, an Arahant
- atthāya - [attha + aya (dat.)] for the benefit
- bahujanahitāya - [bahu + jana + hita + āya (dat.)] many + people, beings + benefit + for
- bahujanasukhāya - [bahu + jana + sukha + āya (dat.)] many + people, beings + happiness + for
- bahussuto - [bahu + s + suto] lit. much heared—well versed, of great
- brahmacariyaṃ - [brahma + cariya + ṃ] faring the path of a brahma
- devamanussānaṃ - [deva + manussa + ānaṃ (dat./gen.pl.] gods + mankind + of
- dutiyo - the second
- etamatthaṃ - [etaṃ + atthaṃ] this + meaning/matter/goal
- katakaraṇīyo - [kata (pp.) + karaṇīyo (ger.)] done + ought to be done
- katama - (interr.) what?
- kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ - [kevala + pari + puṇṇaṃ] complete + pref. + full
- khīṇāsavo - [khīṇa/ (pp.) + āsavo] destroyed, exhausted, ‘without’
- lokānukampāya - [loka + anu + kampā (f.) + āya] the world + pref. + trembling
- lokavidū - [loka + vidū (adj.)] the world + clever, wise
- majjhekalyāṇaṃ - [majjhe + kalyāṇaṃ] in the middle + beneficial
- ohitabhāro - [ohita (pp.) + bhāro] laid down + burden
- pāṭipado - [pāṭipada (adj.)] following the path in the
- paṭhamo - the first
- pakāseti - [(caus. of) pakāsati] to make known, explain, illuminate
- parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano - [pari + k + khīṇa + bhava + saṃyojano] pref. + destroyed + becoming + fetters
- parisuddhaṃ - [pari + suddha + ṃ] pref. + pure
- pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ - [pariyosāna + kalyāṇa + ṃ] end, conclusion + beneficial
- purisadammasārathi - [purisa + damma (pp.) + sārathi] men + to be taimed (see: dameti) + trainer (the trainer of the mankind that needs to taimed)
- sātthaṃ - [sa + attha + ṃ] with meaning
- sāvako - disciple, pupil
- sīlavatūpapanno - [sīla + vata + ūpapanno (pp).] morality + practise + being furnished with
- sabyañjanaṃ - [sa + byañjanaṃ] with letter, according to the letter
- sammadaññā - [samma + d + aññā] right + knowledge
- satthā - [satthar + ā/nom.] teacher
- satthu - [satthar + u/gen.] of/under the teacher
- sekho - [fr. sikkhati] one in training, imperfect
- sugato - [su + gato (pp.)] well + gone
- tathāgato - [tathā + gato (pp.)] thus gone, known as the Tathāgata
- tatiyo - the third
- tatthetaṃ - [tattha + etaṃ] there, in connection of which + this
- tayome - [tayo + ime] these three
- uppajjamāno - [uppajja + māno] the arising
- uppajjati - come out, arise
- vijjācaraṇasampanno - [vijjā + caraṇa + sam + panno (pp.)] knowledge + walking + perfect
- vimutto - [vimutto/pp.] liberated, freed
- vuccati - to be called, said
- vusitavā - [vusita (pp). + vā] fulfilled,perfected
- vuttañhetaṃ - [vuttaṃ (pp. of ‘vuccati’) + h + etaṃ] said this
1. The suffix: -māna forms like the alternate rare form: āna the pres.p. of the medium voice.
2. lokānukampāya: lit. trembling along with, i.e. having compassion, out of pity for (the suffering in) the world
3. bhikkhave, here untranslated as, ‘Bhikkhus’, is generally the term the Buddha used to address his assembly, which often consisted not only of monks and nuns, but of laypeople as well.
4. khīṇāsavo: an epithet for a person, an Arahant, whose mind is freed from all the four mental obsessions, i.e. kāmāsava. bhavāsava, diṭṭhāsava, avijjāsava—desire for sensuality, desire for living, attachement to philosophical speculations, and ignorance.
5. ‘ti: The oral tradition indicates with the syllable : ‘ti’ the end of a quotation, today often shown by quotation marks. ‘ti’ therefore remains untranslated. If the preceding word ends in ‘ṃ’ -(devamanussānaṃ)- the pronunciation rules demand the change from ‘ṃti’ to the dental: ‘nti’: saddhammassavanaṃ + ti’ : saddhammassavananti